In 7 Days to Die, you set the time with settime. The safest form gives the day, hour and minute together, so settime 8 6 0 means 6 in the morning on day 8. According to the game's own help text, the short forms settime day and settime night move the clock to day 1 or day 2. For weather there are weather Rain and weather Fog, and weather d resets every weather setting.
Most codes here need cheats turned on first. See the section on how to open the console.
dm
Enter the day, hour and minute, and the settime command is ready.
settime {day} {hour} {minute}
On default settings, a blood moon starts every 7 days at 22:00. Moving the clock forward also shifts timers tied to the game clock, so back up your save first.
settime 8 6 0
The numbers are day, hour and minute: This example takes you to 6 in the morning on day 8. It is the safest form if you want to keep the day count.
settime day
According to the game's own help text, the clock goes to 12:00 on day 1.
settime night
According to the game's own help text, the clock goes to 00:00 on day 2.
gettime
Prints which day it is and what time it is in the console. The short form is gt.
weather Rain 1
The number at the end is rain intensity from 0 to 1. A 0 stops the rain and -1 returns it to default.
weather Fog 0.5
The number at the end is fog density, 0 is clear and 1 is the thickest fog. Type -1 to return to default.
weather d
Undoes every weather change you made with commands, and the weather goes back to the game's own settings. The long form is weather defaults.